Hardness|hardness unit-rockwell hardness|Brinell hardness|Vickers hardness
Shore hardness | HA/HD: A steel press pin with a certain shape is pressed vertically into the surface of the sample under the test force. When the surface of the press foot is completely fitted to the surface of the sample, the tip end surface of the press pin is opposite to the plane of the presser foot. A certain extension length L, the size of the Shore hardness is characterized by the value of L. The larger the L value, the lower the Shore hardness, and vice versa.
Hardness|hardness unit-rockwell hardness|Brinell hardness|Vickers hardness
Shore hardness | HS: Shore hardness test is a dynamic load test method. The principle is to drop a hammer with a certain mass of diamond or alloy steel ball from a certain height to the surface of the sample, and jump back according to the weight. The height is used to characterize the measured hardness value. The symbol is HS. The higher the hammer returns, the harder the surface measurement. A90 is the hardness of the diamond and D45 is the hardness of the hardened steel.
Hardness - is a performance indicator to measure the hardness of a material. It can be understood as the ability of the material to resist elastic deformation, plastic deformation or damage, and can also be expressed as the ability of the material to resist residual deformation and anti-destruction. Hardness is not a simple physical concept, but a comprehensive indicator of the mechanical properties of material elasticity, plasticity, strength and toughness. There are many methods for hardness testing, and the principles are different. The measured hardness values ​​and meanings are not exactly the same. The most commonly used is the static load indentation hardness test, namely Rockwell hardness (HRA|HRB|HRC), Brinell hardness (HB), Vickers hardness (HV), the value of which indicates the ability of the material surface to resist the intrusion of hard objects. . The Leeb hardness (HL) and Shore hardness (HS) are the rebound hardness test, and their values ​​represent the magnitude of the metal elastic deformation work. Therefore, hardness is not a simple physical quantity, but a comprehensive performance index reflecting the elasticity, plasticity, strength and toughness of the material.
Hardness|hardness unit-rockwell hardness|Brinell hardness|Vickers hardness
Cloth hardness | HB: Cloth hardness (HB) is a test load of a certain size, a certain diameter of hardened steel ball or carbide ball is pressed into the surface of the metal to be tested, for a specified time, then unloading, measurement is Measure the surface indentation diameter. The cloth hardness value is the quotient obtained by dividing the load by the spherical surface area of ​​the indentation. Generally: a certain size (usually 3000kg) of a hardened steel ball of a certain size (typically 10mm in diameter) is pressed into the surface of the material for a period of time. After the load is removed, the ratio of the load to the area of ​​the indentation is Brinell. Hardness value (HB) in kilograms of force per mm2 (N/mm2).
Vickers hardness | HV: Vickers hardness (HV) is pressed into the surface of the material with a load of 120 kg and a diamond square cone presser with a apex angle of 136°. The surface area of ​​the material indentation pit is divided by the load value. Vickers hardness value (HV). It is suitable for the hardness measurement of larger workpieces and deeper surface layers. Vickers hardness has a small load Vickers hardness, test load 1.961~49.03N, it is suitable for the hardness measurement of thin workpieces, tool surfaces or coatings; micro Vickers hardness, test load less than 1.961N, suitable for metal foil, Determination of the hardness of very thin surface layers.
Rockwell hardness | HR: Rockwell hardness is the hardness value of the indentation plastic deformation depth. Use 0.002 mm as a unit of hardness. When HB>450 or the sample is too small, the Brinell hardness test cannot be used instead of the Rockwell hardness measurement. It uses a diamond cone with a apex angle of 120° or a steel ball with a diameter of 1.59 and 3.18 mm, and is pressed into the surface of the material to be tested under a certain load, and the hardness of the material is determined from the depth of the indentation. According to the hardness of the test material, it is represented by three different scales:
Hardness|hardness unit-rockwell hardness|Brinell hardness|Vickers hardness
HRA: is a hardness obtained by using a 60kg load and a diamond cone indenter for materials with extremely high hardness | such as cemented carbide
HRB: is the hardness obtained by using a 100kg load and a 1.58mm diameter hardened steel ball for lower hardness materials such as cast iron
HRC: is a hardness obtained by using a 150kg load and a diamond cone indenter for materials with high hardness | such as hardened steel
The hardness test is the simplest and most convenient test method in the mechanical properties test. In order to be able to replace some mechanical properties tests with hardness tests, a relatively accurate conversion relationship between hardness and strength is required for production. Practice has proved that there is an approximate relationship between the hardness values ​​and the strength values ​​of various hardness values ​​of metal materials. Because the hardness value is determined by the initial plastic deformation resistance and the continued plastic deformation resistance, the higher the strength of the material, the higher the plastic deformation resistance and the higher the hardness value.
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