The semi-aquatic dicotyledonous plant Rumex palustris avoids flooding through the elongation of the petiole when it is flooded. The elongation of the petiole requires relaxation of the cell wall, and the relaxation of the cell wall needs to be regulated by specific proteins. It is important to avoid flooding. Relaxin is an important protein in the signal transduction pathway under flooding stress, and the increase of ethylene content in plants is the main signal to avoid flooding environment. The current research aims to reveal the acidification and hormone regulation of cell wall under flooding stress, and to elucidate the kinetic characteristics and hormone regulation of cell wall relaxation protein activity related to petiole elongation under flooding stress from mRNA and protein levels. Scientists in the Netherlands used non-invasive micro-testing techniques to measure the outflow of petiole H + under water stress, and explained the transcriptional role of relaxin. It was found that ethylene under water can promote petiole elongation and cell wall swelling. First, ethylene can accelerate H + outflow, resulting in acidification of the apoplast space; second, ethylene can act as a signaling molecule to up-regulate RpEXPA1 in the relaxin gene. The response under flooding stress can be restored after the stress is lifted. The continuous elongation of the petiole is accelerated by ethylene controlling the outflow of H +. Under water stress, the plant can change the structure of the stem, make the stem elongate, and produce new leaves. Changes in morphology can quickly increase the height of the plant, so that the leaves quickly extend above the water surface, and promote the exchange of gas between the air and the plant body. Ethylene is one of the most sensitive hormones in response to flooding stress. The elongation of the petiole under R. palustris is related to the ethylene signaling network pathway. In this study, non-damaging micro-measurement techniques were used to further reveal the role and interrelationship of ethylene acidification and H + outflow under water stress. Keywords: ethylene; swollenin; cell wall acidification; elongation growth; Polygonaceae; non-invasive micro-measurement technique (MIFE) Reference: Vreeburg RAM, et al. The Plant Journal, 2005, 43: 597-610.
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