According to the "Science Daily" report on April 16, scientists at the Weizmann Institute in Israel have "trained" an electronic system that can predict the pleasantness of strange smells like humans, which completely overturns the pleasure of smells. Sex is completely different from person to person and has the universal view of cultural identity. In a study published in the "PLoS Computational Biology" in the Open Access Journal of the Public Science Library, scientists have demonstrated that there is an inherently rigid connection between a pleasant perception of a scent and its molecular structure. Contacts are only in certain contexts, and there will be some superficial changes due to personal differences and cultural differences.
These findings have important applications in automated environmental toxicity, malodor monitoring, and rapid odor screening in the fragrance industry, while also providing critical components for the magical sensing technology—digitally transmitting odors. In the past decade, electronic devices commonly known as "eNoses" have developed to the point where they can detect and recognize odors. The main component of the electronic nose is a chemical sensor array. When a scent passes through the electronic nose, the molecular characteristics of the scent will stimulate the sensor in a special way and produce a unique electrical pattern that can identify a specific scent-or "odor fingerprint". Just like a sniffer dog, the electronic nose first needs to be "trained" through odor samples to establish a odor reference database. The electronic nose can then identify the new odor sample by comparing it with the "odor fingerprint" contained in the database.
But unlike the human nose, if you give the electronic nose a strange smell that does not record its smell fingerprint in the database, the electronic nose will not be able to recognize the smell. Therefore, a group of scientists at the Weizmann Institute, led by Dr. Rafi Haddad, decided to solve this problem from a different perspective. Instead of training electronic noses to recognize specific odors, they trained electronic noses to estimate odors on a specific sensory axis. The sensory axis they choose is the pleasure of smell. In other words, they trained the electronic nose to predict whether a certain smell would be pleasant or unpleasant, or at any point between these two endpoints.
To achieve this, the team of scientists first asked a group of local Israelis to rate the pleasure of a selected odor database, from "very unpleasant" (0 points) to "very pleasant" (30 points). So they developed the "scent pleasure" algorithm of this database, and then they can program this algorithm into the electronic nose. Later, this group of scientists asked the electronic nose to predict the pleasure of a new group of odors not included in the previous database, and compared it with the scores of another group of completely different native Israelis. This group of scientists found that electronic noses can classify and rate the pleasure of unfamiliar odors that they have never heard before, and their ratings are about 80% similar to human ratings. In addition, if the electronic noses only need to be classified as "pleasant" or "unpleasant" instead of grading on a 30-point progressive scale, their accuracy will reach 99%.
However, these findings still cannot determine whether the sense of smell of the electronic nose has cultural characteristics. With this in mind, the team of scientists decided to compare the predictions of the electronic nose with the scores of a group of Israeli immigrants from Ethiopia. The comparison shows that, compared with the results of Ethiopian immigrants, the ability of electronic noses to predict the pleasantness of strange odors is still very good, even if the prediction ability of these electronic noses is "trained" by the odor pleasure rating of native Israelis. In other words, even if different smells have different meanings in different cultures, the electronic nose performs equally well in scoring people of different cultures. This shows that the pleasantness of smell has a basic cross-cultural similarity.
Noam Sobel, a professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Weizmann Institute who participated in the study, commented: "No matter whether a certain smell we have been tested before, and regardless of the cultural background of the person tested, electronic Nose can be predicted, which provides evidence that odor pleasure has a basic biological characteristic, and also proves that the specific aspect of the molecular structure of odor determines whether a odor is pleasant or unpleasant.'Then How are cultural differences taken into account? 'We believe that culture only affects the perception of odor pleasure in certain contexts. To examine this, many people may want to know that when most people are concerned about French cheese How can French people like their own cheese when the smell is offensive. We do n’t think that the French themselves think that the smell of cheese is pleasant, they just think that the offensive smell is a sign of good cheese Only. If you jump out of the specific background of cheese and the smell appears in a jar, then the French will also be able to rate this smell For an unpleasant smell, like everyone else. "
This group of scientists found that there is a rigid and constant connection between the perception of odor and the molecular structure of the odor. At the same time, they can design this electronic nose that can classify a new odor, which itself provides for odor screening and environmental monitoring A new method; in the future, it may be possible to design digital scent delivery technology to produce scented movies, games and music, providing us with a more immersive and charming experience.
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