1. ISO 12647 Printing Process Control Standard
The TC 130, the printing technical committee of the International Standard Organization (ISO), which is related to printing technology, has formulated the international standards that can be summarized into the following major categories: terminology standards; prepress data exchange format standards; printing process Control standards; suitability standards for printing raw materials; ergonomics/safety standards.
Among them, the printing process control standard is the basic standard for the wide application of printing production, and occupies an important position in ISO/TC 130. It mainly stipulates the technical requirements and test methods for key quality parameters in the printing production process. Such as a series of standards of ISO 12647, it is divided according to the offset, gravure, screen printing, flexo, digital printing process, according to the quality of different control methods of quality control, the provisions of their own technical requirements and test methods.
ISO 12647 (Process Control of Separation Sheets, Samples, and Printed Finishes) is a standard that is based on criteria including ink, paper, measurement, and visual inspection conditions. This standard includes many parts, each of which is different. The printing process defines the minimum value of the process parameters:
(1) SO 12647-1: parameters and measurements;
(2) SO 12647-2: offset printing;
(3) SO 12647-3: Newsprint cold solid offset printing;
(4) SO 12647-4: publication of gravure;
(5) SO 12647-5: Screen Printing;
(6) SO 12647-6: flexo;
(7) SO 12647-7: Digital printing and proofing.
In short, ISO International Standards facilitate the exchange of information between print practitioners, prepress agencies, and print buyers. As an internationally accepted standard, ISO has become more widely accepted and adopted by print buyers, and it has also become a passport for printing companies to enter and export business.
In China, there are more and more printing companies adopting international standards, such as Toppan Lifeng Yagao Co., Ltd., Beijing Shenghong Rainbow Plate Printing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yingtian Printing Industry Co., Ltd., and many other well-known printing companies. Not a very big company, in printing production, strictly follow the requirements of a series of international standards such as ISO 12647-2, ISO 12647-7, ISO 2846, ISO 12646, ISO 10128, etc. Orderly and well documented to ensure product stability.
2.DIN printing process control standard
The German Institute of Standardization (Deutsches lnstitut fÇœr Normung, hereinafter referred to as DIN) is a member of the European and International Standards Organization and has a high degree of participation in related standardization activities. It also undertakes many tasks of numerous secretariats.
90% of the standards developed by DIN are for international use. Every year, DIN publishes summary reports on German and international general technical standards. The total number of standards issued by DIN has reached 31,100, including 2,500 newly issued in 2000. The standards in printing technology are as follows: DIN 16604-1973 on the size of newspapers, paper, advertisement column type, width of advertising columns, and spacing standard between advertisements (we use daily paper sizes, such as A3, A4, which are derived from ), DIN 16537-1998 Determination of the number of visible glosses in prints and inks used in the printing process. Many of the printing standards of the DI standard have been adopted by ISO and converted into international standards, such as ISO 12647-2 codenamed DIN ISO 12647-2 in Germany.
3.Japan Color Japanese Color Management Standard
Japan Color is a specification and certification system developed by the Japan Printing Machinery Association. It is designed to encourage print standards throughout the Japanese print industry. Japan Color complies with ISO standards. It provides guidelines for sheetfed offset, newspaper, and web offset printing. These guidelines have been specifically revised to accommodate the special needs of the Japanese printing market. The Japan Color standard mainly includes: standard inks; standard papers, solid color standard colorimetry values; field color samples; color reproduction printing.
Since the four-color ink used in Japan has a standard CMYK card hue, ISO also analyzes the characteristics of various European and American standard inks based on Japanese standard inks, and formulates the standard ISO 2846-1 for offset printing inks.
4, PSO offset printing production standards
The process standard Offset (PSO) for offset printing production was developed by the Graphic Technology Research Association (FOGRA) of Munich, Germany, for the German Printing Media Industry Consortium (BVDM) for the printing industry. The PSO is also based on the ISO 12647-2 specification. It strictly follows the ISO 12647-2 specification, and adds some additional specifications, especially for digital proofing, or in the event of a conflict with the earth's color, using an intermediate tone. Color priority.
In addition, there are other standards related to PSO, such as PSR (Process Standard Rotogravure) PSN (Process Standard Newspaper) pac Space (Packaging color Space in Rotogravur printing), etc. The common goal is to provide better guidance. Printing production process to achieve the stability and uniformity of the quality of printed products.
5.SWOP offset offset printing parameters
SWOP (Specification for Web offset publication) is a parameter description of rotary offset printing. It is jointly developed by SWOP and the American Technical Association to regulate the workflow of web offset printing. SWPO according to the printing workflow. Integrate the influence of new technology on the process, and introduce the key points of each work one by one, including the environment for observing manuscripts and manuscripts, digital manuscript preparation, materials, proofing, etc., as well as advertisers, prepress service providers, publishers, and printing. Through the setting and modification of parameter standards and allowable tolerances, the quality of printed publications is continuously improved. It provides the printer with all the parameters needed for advertising production and editing. After the relevant personnel follow these parameters, the printing factory can complete the copy according to the intentions of the advertisers and publishers, which greatly reduces the production difficulty. Every step in the printing process should be measured and confirmed, and quality standards should be judged, allowing each operator located there to monitor and improve the production process through statistical methods.
6. SNAP Newsprint Advertising Specification)
SNAP (Specifications for Newsprint Advertising Production), the newsprint advertising printing specification, is designed to improve newspaper printing quality and improve the accuracy of information conversion. SNAP is mainly for advertisers, advertising agencies, publishers, prepress managers, material suppliers, commercial printers, and newspaper printers. This specification applies to proofing and coldset printing of reel newsprint (non-coated wood pulp), such as offset, letterpress, and flexo.
The SNAP specification mainly includes: the division of work and responsibilities of the printing process, job summary, prepress and printing process guidance. In the work summary section, the digital workflow was introduced, and the requirements for the manuscript and manuscript production, the handling of the postpress data, and the communication between the printing industries were greatly assisted. The printing provided during the prepress and printing process was guided. The reference values ​​of the rules are all based on a reasonable tolerance. The practitioner can find the parameter values ​​and allowable error ranges that should be taken during production, measurement, and use of these reference values ​​in the SNAP specification based on the printing of all materials. Predictive high-quality printing can be achieved. The SNAP committee has always supported industry standards. References and references to standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANS) and ISO are cited several times in the specification.
7.G7 process control method
GRACOL (General Requirements and Applications for Commercial Offset Lithography) is an offset printing technology promotion agency in the United States and is affiliated with IDEAlliance. GRACOL is a color reproduction specification for sheet-fed lithographic offset printing. Based on ISO 12467-2 international printing standard, GRACOL adopts a neutral gray printing density curve and takes NPDC as the core content to formulate a large set of standard printing production data for testing and Implementation method, and in June 2006 released a new version of the implementation method --- G7. In addition, it should be noted that G7 is not a standard, it is a kind of specification data for printing production, and the second guides the production personnel to control the printing production process.
Based on extensive experiments, G7 extracted a series of new concepts and corresponding parameters for print inspection. Finally, some data were obtained by measuring and calculating these parameters. Based on these results, the RIP output of the CTP plate-making machine or the image-setter was compared with the calibration curve. This ensures that the system can further improve the tone and color reproduction quality of prints on the basis of repeatable work.
In addition, in order to adapt to the development of different fields, some related industrial organizations or standardization organizations will also develop printing standards or specifications in certain special printing fields, such as a series of image printing standards specially developed by JMPA and CGATS in the United States, and Australian 3DAP standards. Wait. However, regardless of the printing standards or specifications, they are all designed to promote the development of the printing industry and to improve the repeatability of the quality of printed matter during printing.
The TC 130, the printing technical committee of the International Standard Organization (ISO), which is related to printing technology, has formulated the international standards that can be summarized into the following major categories: terminology standards; prepress data exchange format standards; printing process Control standards; suitability standards for printing raw materials; ergonomics/safety standards.
Among them, the printing process control standard is the basic standard for the wide application of printing production, and occupies an important position in ISO/TC 130. It mainly stipulates the technical requirements and test methods for key quality parameters in the printing production process. Such as a series of standards of ISO 12647, it is divided according to the offset, gravure, screen printing, flexo, digital printing process, according to the quality of different control methods of quality control, the provisions of their own technical requirements and test methods.
ISO 12647 (Process Control of Separation Sheets, Samples, and Printed Finishes) is a standard that is based on criteria including ink, paper, measurement, and visual inspection conditions. This standard includes many parts, each of which is different. The printing process defines the minimum value of the process parameters:
(1) SO 12647-1: parameters and measurements;
(2) SO 12647-2: offset printing;
(3) SO 12647-3: Newsprint cold solid offset printing;
(4) SO 12647-4: publication of gravure;
(5) SO 12647-5: Screen Printing;
(6) SO 12647-6: flexo;
(7) SO 12647-7: Digital printing and proofing.
In short, ISO International Standards facilitate the exchange of information between print practitioners, prepress agencies, and print buyers. As an internationally accepted standard, ISO has become more widely accepted and adopted by print buyers, and it has also become a passport for printing companies to enter and export business.
In China, there are more and more printing companies adopting international standards, such as Toppan Lifeng Yagao Co., Ltd., Beijing Shenghong Rainbow Plate Printing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yingtian Printing Industry Co., Ltd., and many other well-known printing companies. Not a very big company, in printing production, strictly follow the requirements of a series of international standards such as ISO 12647-2, ISO 12647-7, ISO 2846, ISO 12646, ISO 10128, etc. Orderly and well documented to ensure product stability.
2.DIN printing process control standard
The German Institute of Standardization (Deutsches lnstitut fÇœr Normung, hereinafter referred to as DIN) is a member of the European and International Standards Organization and has a high degree of participation in related standardization activities. It also undertakes many tasks of numerous secretariats.
90% of the standards developed by DIN are for international use. Every year, DIN publishes summary reports on German and international general technical standards. The total number of standards issued by DIN has reached 31,100, including 2,500 newly issued in 2000. The standards in printing technology are as follows: DIN 16604-1973 on the size of newspapers, paper, advertisement column type, width of advertising columns, and spacing standard between advertisements (we use daily paper sizes, such as A3, A4, which are derived from ), DIN 16537-1998 Determination of the number of visible glosses in prints and inks used in the printing process. Many of the printing standards of the DI standard have been adopted by ISO and converted into international standards, such as ISO 12647-2 codenamed DIN ISO 12647-2 in Germany.
3.Japan Color Japanese Color Management Standard
Japan Color is a specification and certification system developed by the Japan Printing Machinery Association. It is designed to encourage print standards throughout the Japanese print industry. Japan Color complies with ISO standards. It provides guidelines for sheetfed offset, newspaper, and web offset printing. These guidelines have been specifically revised to accommodate the special needs of the Japanese printing market. The Japan Color standard mainly includes: standard inks; standard papers, solid color standard colorimetry values; field color samples; color reproduction printing.
Since the four-color ink used in Japan has a standard CMYK card hue, ISO also analyzes the characteristics of various European and American standard inks based on Japanese standard inks, and formulates the standard ISO 2846-1 for offset printing inks.
4, PSO offset printing production standards
The process standard Offset (PSO) for offset printing production was developed by the Graphic Technology Research Association (FOGRA) of Munich, Germany, for the German Printing Media Industry Consortium (BVDM) for the printing industry. The PSO is also based on the ISO 12647-2 specification. It strictly follows the ISO 12647-2 specification, and adds some additional specifications, especially for digital proofing, or in the event of a conflict with the earth's color, using an intermediate tone. Color priority.
In addition, there are other standards related to PSO, such as PSR (Process Standard Rotogravure) PSN (Process Standard Newspaper) pac Space (Packaging color Space in Rotogravur printing), etc. The common goal is to provide better guidance. Printing production process to achieve the stability and uniformity of the quality of printed products.
5.SWOP offset offset printing parameters
SWOP (Specification for Web offset publication) is a parameter description of rotary offset printing. It is jointly developed by SWOP and the American Technical Association to regulate the workflow of web offset printing. SWPO according to the printing workflow. Integrate the influence of new technology on the process, and introduce the key points of each work one by one, including the environment for observing manuscripts and manuscripts, digital manuscript preparation, materials, proofing, etc., as well as advertisers, prepress service providers, publishers, and printing. Through the setting and modification of parameter standards and allowable tolerances, the quality of printed publications is continuously improved. It provides the printer with all the parameters needed for advertising production and editing. After the relevant personnel follow these parameters, the printing factory can complete the copy according to the intentions of the advertisers and publishers, which greatly reduces the production difficulty. Every step in the printing process should be measured and confirmed, and quality standards should be judged, allowing each operator located there to monitor and improve the production process through statistical methods.
6. SNAP Newsprint Advertising Specification)
SNAP (Specifications for Newsprint Advertising Production), the newsprint advertising printing specification, is designed to improve newspaper printing quality and improve the accuracy of information conversion. SNAP is mainly for advertisers, advertising agencies, publishers, prepress managers, material suppliers, commercial printers, and newspaper printers. This specification applies to proofing and coldset printing of reel newsprint (non-coated wood pulp), such as offset, letterpress, and flexo.
The SNAP specification mainly includes: the division of work and responsibilities of the printing process, job summary, prepress and printing process guidance. In the work summary section, the digital workflow was introduced, and the requirements for the manuscript and manuscript production, the handling of the postpress data, and the communication between the printing industries were greatly assisted. The printing provided during the prepress and printing process was guided. The reference values ​​of the rules are all based on a reasonable tolerance. The practitioner can find the parameter values ​​and allowable error ranges that should be taken during production, measurement, and use of these reference values ​​in the SNAP specification based on the printing of all materials. Predictive high-quality printing can be achieved. The SNAP committee has always supported industry standards. References and references to standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANS) and ISO are cited several times in the specification.
7.G7 process control method
GRACOL (General Requirements and Applications for Commercial Offset Lithography) is an offset printing technology promotion agency in the United States and is affiliated with IDEAlliance. GRACOL is a color reproduction specification for sheet-fed lithographic offset printing. Based on ISO 12467-2 international printing standard, GRACOL adopts a neutral gray printing density curve and takes NPDC as the core content to formulate a large set of standard printing production data for testing and Implementation method, and in June 2006 released a new version of the implementation method --- G7. In addition, it should be noted that G7 is not a standard, it is a kind of specification data for printing production, and the second guides the production personnel to control the printing production process.
Based on extensive experiments, G7 extracted a series of new concepts and corresponding parameters for print inspection. Finally, some data were obtained by measuring and calculating these parameters. Based on these results, the RIP output of the CTP plate-making machine or the image-setter was compared with the calibration curve. This ensures that the system can further improve the tone and color reproduction quality of prints on the basis of repeatable work.
In addition, in order to adapt to the development of different fields, some related industrial organizations or standardization organizations will also develop printing standards or specifications in certain special printing fields, such as a series of image printing standards specially developed by JMPA and CGATS in the United States, and Australian 3DAP standards. Wait. However, regardless of the printing standards or specifications, they are all designed to promote the development of the printing industry and to improve the repeatability of the quality of printed matter during printing.
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