Children in kindergartens are often injured. In addition to preparing related medicines for kindergartens, teachers have to master the following aspects of first aid knowledge to prevent accidents:
First, burns
The following work should be done for burned children:
1, children burn clothing attached to the affected area, to peel off attachments. If clothing is placed on the child's skin, it must not be forcibly removed.
2. Rinse the affected area with cold water for about 15 minutes or apply the affected area with ice cubes.
3, do not use any ointment or syrup to cover the affected area, can only cover all the affected area with sterile gauze to avoid infection.
4. Raise the child's burn site to reduce the blood flow in the affected area.
5. If the injury is severe, lay the child on the bed and raise the child's lower limbs so that the child's head tends to the side to ensure blood flow to the vital organs and prevent children from shock.
Second, bruising
The following work should be done for bruised children:
1. The impact on children is not very serious. The affected area does not have symptoms such as swelling or difficulty in movement. It can be used for cold compresses for about an hour at the skin's congestion spots.
2. If the wound is bleeding, use a sterile cotton pad or toilet paper to compress the wound for more than ten minutes. If the wound is not large, after hemostasis, wash the affected area with cold water and cover the affected area with a band-aid.
3, if the wound is large, or the impact of the object may be tetanus with tetanus, should immediately bring children to the hospital for treatment of wounds, if necessary, to inject tetanus antitoxin to prevent the occurrence of tetanus.
4. If the symptoms are severe, the affected area is swollen or difficult to move, or the area of ​​the affected area is the head or chest. In particular, if dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness, yellowish liquid in the ear or nose, or blood flow occurs, it must be immediately Send the child to the hospital for treatment.
Third, sprain
The following work should be done for sprained children:
1. Lay the sprained child on the bed. Raise the affected area and apply cold compresses to reduce the swelling of the affected area.
2, in the affected area on the cotton pad, and then use the bandage to bind the affected area together, be careful not to make the bandage too tight, is not conducive to blood circulation.
3, do not touch the injured joints. If the child's affected area has malformed or severe pain, it means that the condition of the child is not limited to a sprain. A fracture may have occurred. This should be sent to the hospital immediately.
Fourth, burns
Parents should do the following for scalded children:
1, should immediately rinse with cold water for more than 15 minutes to reduce the local temperature and reduce further damage to the wound and reduce pain.
2. If bubbling, the blister can be treated without any treatment. For soy-sized blisters, if the wound is relatively shallow, you can cut the blisters with sterile scissors and dry them with sterile cotton balls or gauze.
To avoid infection, it is best to go to the hospital for further treatment.
3, because the child's skin is particularly delicate, poor tolerance, burns are often more serious, more prone to infection caused by complications. Therefore, it is best not to use medicines on your own and you should go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Error handling:
1. Spread the wound with sesame oil and soy sauce.
2. Apply the wound with toothpaste.
3. Apply ointment under the guidance of a doctor.
V. Cutting injury
Parents should do the following work for cutting children:
1, the wound is not deep, just scratch the skin a small amount of bleeding, just use clean water (or light salt water) and soap clean the affected area, after disinfection with band-aid or sterile gauze cover the affected area on it, so as to prevent wound infection. When cleaning the wound, be sure to wash all the waste from the wound.
2. Do not apply cotton or other fluffy substances to the wound as they will stick to the wounded day and hinder wound healing;
3, in the wound dressing to ensure that the wound has a good breathability, can not be wrapped too tightly.
4, dressing once a day, at night can make the affected area exposed to the air, is conducive to wound healing.
5, when the wound is severe, quickly send the child to the hospital for treatment.
Sixth, heatstroke
In children with heat stroke, the body temperature rises above 40°C, dry skin, flushing, no sweat, dizziness, thirst, nausea, vomiting, irritability, and mental confusion. Some of them lose a lot of salt due to excessive sweating and cause muscle soreness or even paralysis. Severe cases may include convulsions, coma, blood pressure drop, and skin bleeding.
Parents should do the following for children with heat stroke:
1. When children suffer from heat stroke, parents can use cold water, ice cubes or alcohol to rub their bodies, or bathe in warm water with a body temperature of 3-5°C. Or in the armpits of children, put ice packs in the groin and give children cold drinks. Try to keep body temperature below 38°C.
2, try to reduce the room temperature.
3, let children drink more. Children can take Huoxiangzhengqi capsules and other summer heat medicine.
4, severe cases quickly sent to hospital for treatment.
Seven, insects enter the ear canal
Insects and other biological foreign bodies, when the child sleeps into the external auditory canal. Insect-like foreign bodies cause unbearable pain and ignorance to children as a result of crawling commotions. Children manifest as crying, irritability, and occasionally can cause dizziness and tinnitus, and severe cases can cause agitation membrane damage and affect hearing.
Parents should do the following work for children whose insects enter the ear canal:
1, can use alcohol or oil liquid drip into the external auditory canal, the insects will be drowned, and then fix the children to use deafness to remove it, and then use a cotton swab to clean the ear canal.
2. When it is difficult to remove insects with this method, they should be sent to the hospital immediately.
VIII. Foreign matter in the eye
Parents should do the following work for children with foreign bodies in their eyes:
1. Carefully observe whether the foreign body is implanted in the eye.
2. If the foreign body is not implanted in the child's eyes, the mother can open the child's eyes and allow the child to look down and gently remove the foreign body with a sterile swab.
3. If foreign matter is implanted in the eye, do not touch it, cover it with a sterile gauze pad on the child's injured eye, and fix it with gauze or cloth, and seek medical attention immediately.
Nine, there are foreign bodies in the nose
Children have foreign bodies in their nose. If they are not taken out in time, it may cause children's breathing to be difficult or even suffocating.
Parents should do the following for children with foreign bodies in their nose:
1. When animal foreign body enters, it may be anesthetized with 1% tetracaine and then removed with a nose pliers.
2. When a large foreign body enters a person, it should be immediately sent to the hospital for first aid.
Ten shock
Shock is a very dangerous symptom and can be fatal if the patient fails to receive timely treatment.
Parents should do the following for shock children:
1. You must try to get in touch with the hospital as soon as possible, or ask your doctor for first aid.
2. Let the children lie flat. In addition to head trauma, pay attention to let him take the head low and high, in order to increase the brain has enough blood supply, or once the brain anoxia 3-4 minutes, it will cause permanent damage to the brain.
3, pay attention to ensure children's airway is open. Do not give children heat, because it will make blood flow out of organs in the body and cause danger.
4, check the pulse of children at any time, pay close attention to changes in children's condition.
XI. Convulsions
Convulsion is a sudden onset of symptoms caused by abnormal brain reactivity. Patients have short-term convulsions or local twitches. Before the onset of convulsions, the child may cry loudly, and then lose consciousness, purple all over the body, and hold his breath at the same time. After a few seconds, the limbs begin to flex and shake in a rhythmic manner, which may be accompanied by incontinence. This symptom may last for several minutes.
Parents should do the following for convulsions children:
1, let the child lie flat, head to side, to prevent the back of the tongue and oral secretions reflux and block the trachea.
2, in the upper and lower teeth can be filled with a towel or handkerchief, to prevent breaking the five meanings.
3. Give head physical cooling.
12. Misuse of drugs
Children who swallow drugs by mistake may manifest themselves as burning sensations, chest tightness, palpitation, pale complexion, purple lips, difficulty in breathing, blood pressure drop, and even delirium within seconds or minutes after treatment. Within a few minutes or hours of administration, fixed erythema occurs (purple or oval in red, colonial in the center) and has fever. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy and other symptoms occur suddenly.
The principle of correct treatment is to quickly discharge, reduce absorption, prompt detoxification, and symptomatic treatment.
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