The financial IC card is a financial payment instrument that uses IC chip technology and financial industry standards, and has functional applications such as consumer credit, transfer settlement, and cash access. It is a product of modern information technology and financial services. Since the advent of the first international financial IC card in France in the mid-1980s, financial IC cards have gradually been recognized by the world and gradually applied to social and economic activities. In the 21st century, on the basis of maintaining the original functions, the international financial IC card adapts to the requirements of social development and financial innovation, the functions are continuously enriched, the application fields are continuously expanded, and the deepening and integration in the fields of personal finance and social management are accelerated. , showing a momentum of vigorous development.
With the reform and opening up, China has tried to use financial IC cards in the field of micropayments for public services since the end of the last century, and has made some progress. In recent years, the rapid development of social economy and the rise of IC cards have further promoted the popularization and application of financial IC cards. Since the public service sector has a relationship with thousands of households, involving the national economy and the people's livelihood, it has once again become a key area for financial IC cards to serve economic and social development.
At present, China is moving towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. How to adapt to the objective needs of social payment in the field of social public services, and play a special role in financial payment tools to effectively meet the people’s most concerned, direct and realistic Urgent demand and providing safe, fast and convenient financial payment services to the society is an important and urgent task facing the financial sector.
1. Promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services is an objective requirement for economic and social development.
Promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services is an objective demand for modern means of payment for economic and social development, and is in line with the scientific development requirements of the people-oriented and harmonious society advocated by the Party Central Committee and the State Council. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the overall improvement of public services, the public service sector is eagerly looking forward to fast, convenient, safe, economical and practical financial payment tools.
(1) Rapid and convenient micropayment is a common demand for payment methods in the field of modern public services.
With the accelerated pace of life in modern society, the variety of payment content in daily life has increased significantly, and payment behavior is extremely frequent, and the vast majority of payment needs in the public service field are precisely small payments that are closely related to the lives of the people, such as payment. Various public transport, public health facilities, etc., general recreational activities and daily shopping expenses. Cash payment has the inconvenience of carrying, changing, and storing. Bank notes are generally not suitable for ordinary micropayments in daily life, such as supermarket shopping, farmer's market shopping, etc. Bank magnetic stripe cards can satisfy people to a certain extent. The general micro-payment needs of the masses, but due to the characteristics of its contact-type online transactions, it is difficult to adapt to more and more fast and multi-payment requirements, and the financial IC card with non-contact offline trading advantages can be Maximize the fast and convenient micropayment requirements to meet the general requirements of the people in their daily lives.
(2) General and safety are the basic needs of payment methods in the field of modern public services.
With the acceleration of the development of public utilities in China, the rapid growth of demand for fast and convenient payment in the field of social public services, new forms of payment tools in the society have emerged, and this aspect has met some social public to some extent. Demand, on the other hand, because of the different technical standards of different departments, different levels of security, and different management methods, it also challenges the security of modern payment. Therefore, the financial sector is urgently required to provide safe and universal payment services that meet the needs of society.
(3) Multi-application is the expanding demand for payment methods in the modern public service field
In real life, people face the payment needs of different content, and they consistently require payment methods to be simple and convenient. However, at present, there are various problems in China that are not related to each other's payment cards, so that each subject needs to carry multiple payment cards, which in fact creates new inconvenience and affects efficiency. The financial IC card can carry the characteristics of multiple applications. On the one hand, it enhances the ability of financial institutions to serve social management, and on the other hand provides technically feasible support for the integration of social government departments or other industries to improve efficiency. As a result, urban transportation, fee collection, social security, medical insurance, public utility services, and government service projects across the country have expanded the application of financial IC cards and further integrated new public utilities that are closely related to the lives of the people. The function puts forward new requirements.
Second, the exploration of the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services in China
In order to promote and popularize the application of financial IC cards, and provide safe, fast and convenient payment services for the society, especially the micro-payment services in the public service field, China's financial institutions have repeatedly tried their experience and gradually found experience suitable for financial IC cards. Development model in the field of public services.
(I) Initial exploration of the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services
China's banking industry began to get involved in IC cards in the mid-to-late 1990s, and it is an important industry in China to use IC card technology earlier. In December 1997, the People's Bank of China promulgated the first IC card standard in China's financial industry ("China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 1.0)), which laid the foundation for the development of China's financial IC card.
In 1998, the People's Bank of China organized and coordinated commercial banks to start banking IC card pilots in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha. Subsequently, it gradually expanded to Tianjin, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Guiyang, Chongqing and other cities. Through the development of e-wallet business to promote the application of bank IC cards, some cities have also tried in the medical, transportation and social security industries, and achieved certain results. However, due to the low degree of generalization of the bank card business at that time, the society did not have enough understanding of micropayments. The overall development level of the public service sector was not strong, and the demand for cross-industry application was not deep. Due to the low rate and high price, although the pilot city has invested a lot of energy, the overall application effect is not satisfactory, and the bank IC card has not been able to achieve large-scale and large-scale application in China.
However, the preliminary practice of financial IC cards in the field of public services has played an important role in inviting financial institutions to understand, understand and learn the technical standards of financial IC card business, and gradually cultivated a group of professional talents to drive domestic card terminal enterprises. The growth. The technical standards, business design and security system of the "China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 1.0)" have played an important role in the development of IC card micropayment applications in other domestic industries.
(II) Successful exploration of financial IC cards in the field of public services
In March 2005, on the basis of preliminary exploration, the People's Bank of China promulgated the "China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 2.0)", which is based on international mainstream standards and is compatible with industry application requirements. In addition, the self-designed e-wallet business based on borrowing and crediting has higher security and business innovation capabilities.
Since the launch of the “City One Card†project in Tianjin, Fuzhou and other cities in 2005, the promotion of financial IC cards integrating government public services and financial services has begun to be carried out throughout the country. In 2008, the People's Bank of China approved Ningbo as the first financial institution in the country. The IC card multi-application pilot city is led by the municipal government to coordinate the competent departments of various industries, and the PBC's civil financial IC card pilot project, which is actively participated by the commercial banks, is the most representative.
The Ningbo Citizen Card Financial IC Card Application Pilot integrates government services such as civil affairs, labor, medical care, provident fund, public security, industry and commerce, taxation, education, and other commercial services such as transportation, utilities, and other micropayments. On an IC card. In addition to the credit card function of a common bank card, it also has a bank e-wallet function and supports contactless use. Among them, for the pure electronic wallet card without the debit and credit function, the non-real name system is adopted. The Ningbo Citizen Card relies on the existing bank card network throughout the country to conduct transaction payment and fund clearing on the basis of corresponding technical improvements. The card account funds are managed by the issuing bank in accordance with relevant regulations. When using the bank e-wallet to pay, the cardholder maintains the property that the equity fund always pays in the personal account. Through the account deposit or cash payment method, a certain amount is pre-stored in the IC card held by the equity holder, and the consumption amount is Limited to the amount of pre-existing. And the anonymous wallet card can also be recycled. In short, this one-card multi-application better reflects the characteristics of “reasonable, standardized, economic, safe and convenientâ€.
The Ningbo Citizen Card Project is the latest exploration of the use of financial IC cards in the public domain, and is also a successful practice of the regional application of China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 2.0). Its successful experience is "government guidance, market operation, overall planning, and unified standards." To a certain extent, the project has realized the combination of urban informatization and financial informatization, which has significantly improved the efficiency of government public service management, and promoted the improvement of financial service level and the upgrading of related information industries. The pilot results have a positive guiding and reference role in promoting the application of financial IC cards throughout the country.
The Ningbo pilot not only verified the feasibility and safety of the financial IC card standard, but also provided a basis for the PBC to further revise and improve a series of standards related to financial IC cards. Since 2009, the People's Bank of China has successively promulgated the "Bank Card Card Specification", "Bank Card POS Terminal Specification", "Bank Card ATM Terminal Specification" and "Bank Card Network Joint Technical Specification" and other standards, especially in April 2010. The promulgation of China's Financial IC Card Specification marks that China's financial IC card application has entered a new historical development stage.
Under the enlightenment of the above pilot experience, the application of China's financial IC cards in the field of public services has attracted the attention of government departments at all levels. Many cities have organized plans and initiatives to apply financial IC cards to improve municipal services. The implementation of important components of the improvement of people's livelihood projects has been carried out, and the overall development momentum has been shown.
3. The significance of promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services under the new situation
At present, China is about to enter the 12th Five-Year Plan. It is in the period of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and economic restructuring, focusing on improving people's livelihood and promoting social harmony. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to scientific development and emphasize people-oriented construction. In a harmonious society, vigorously developing social public utilities and striving to improve the service level in the public sector have formed a social consensus and national will. Financial payment services will play a more important role in supporting and promoting the infrastructure. The financial IC card has the characteristics of standard, security, convenience, economy, extensiveness and innovation, making it more realistic and far-reaching in the promotion and application of public service.
(1) Standardity
Standards are the lifeline of the industry and the basis for maximizing social benefits. The bank card industry always adheres to unified standards, including unified specifications, unified cards, unified system interfaces, unified terminal requirements, unified use methods, and unified clearing processing. The standard unification not only regulates and promotes the development of bank cards, but more importantly, it facilitates the recognition and use of cardholders. As a replacement product of bank cards, financial IC cards continue to adhere to the principle of unified standards and networking, which will be China. The issuance and use of various types of payment cards provide a unified and standardized financial IC card standard, laying a solid foundation for the long-term and stable development of China's personal payment industry.
(2) Safety
In recent years, various commercial stored value cards in the society have developed rapidly. Some industries and enterprises have also issued various forms of electronic wallets with payment functions, and some of them lack standard management. Lack of payment of funds
With the reform and opening up, China has tried to use financial IC cards in the field of micropayments for public services since the end of the last century, and has made some progress. In recent years, the rapid development of social economy and the rise of IC cards have further promoted the popularization and application of financial IC cards. Since the public service sector has a relationship with thousands of households, involving the national economy and the people's livelihood, it has once again become a key area for financial IC cards to serve economic and social development.
At present, China is moving towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. How to adapt to the objective needs of social payment in the field of social public services, and play a special role in financial payment tools to effectively meet the people’s most concerned, direct and realistic Urgent demand and providing safe, fast and convenient financial payment services to the society is an important and urgent task facing the financial sector.
1. Promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services is an objective requirement for economic and social development.
Promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services is an objective demand for modern means of payment for economic and social development, and is in line with the scientific development requirements of the people-oriented and harmonious society advocated by the Party Central Committee and the State Council. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the overall improvement of public services, the public service sector is eagerly looking forward to fast, convenient, safe, economical and practical financial payment tools.
(1) Rapid and convenient micropayment is a common demand for payment methods in the field of modern public services.
With the accelerated pace of life in modern society, the variety of payment content in daily life has increased significantly, and payment behavior is extremely frequent, and the vast majority of payment needs in the public service field are precisely small payments that are closely related to the lives of the people, such as payment. Various public transport, public health facilities, etc., general recreational activities and daily shopping expenses. Cash payment has the inconvenience of carrying, changing, and storing. Bank notes are generally not suitable for ordinary micropayments in daily life, such as supermarket shopping, farmer's market shopping, etc. Bank magnetic stripe cards can satisfy people to a certain extent. The general micro-payment needs of the masses, but due to the characteristics of its contact-type online transactions, it is difficult to adapt to more and more fast and multi-payment requirements, and the financial IC card with non-contact offline trading advantages can be Maximize the fast and convenient micropayment requirements to meet the general requirements of the people in their daily lives.
(2) General and safety are the basic needs of payment methods in the field of modern public services.
With the acceleration of the development of public utilities in China, the rapid growth of demand for fast and convenient payment in the field of social public services, new forms of payment tools in the society have emerged, and this aspect has met some social public to some extent. Demand, on the other hand, because of the different technical standards of different departments, different levels of security, and different management methods, it also challenges the security of modern payment. Therefore, the financial sector is urgently required to provide safe and universal payment services that meet the needs of society.
(3) Multi-application is the expanding demand for payment methods in the modern public service field
In real life, people face the payment needs of different content, and they consistently require payment methods to be simple and convenient. However, at present, there are various problems in China that are not related to each other's payment cards, so that each subject needs to carry multiple payment cards, which in fact creates new inconvenience and affects efficiency. The financial IC card can carry the characteristics of multiple applications. On the one hand, it enhances the ability of financial institutions to serve social management, and on the other hand provides technically feasible support for the integration of social government departments or other industries to improve efficiency. As a result, urban transportation, fee collection, social security, medical insurance, public utility services, and government service projects across the country have expanded the application of financial IC cards and further integrated new public utilities that are closely related to the lives of the people. The function puts forward new requirements.
Second, the exploration of the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services in China
In order to promote and popularize the application of financial IC cards, and provide safe, fast and convenient payment services for the society, especially the micro-payment services in the public service field, China's financial institutions have repeatedly tried their experience and gradually found experience suitable for financial IC cards. Development model in the field of public services.
(I) Initial exploration of the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services
China's banking industry began to get involved in IC cards in the mid-to-late 1990s, and it is an important industry in China to use IC card technology earlier. In December 1997, the People's Bank of China promulgated the first IC card standard in China's financial industry ("China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 1.0)), which laid the foundation for the development of China's financial IC card.
In 1998, the People's Bank of China organized and coordinated commercial banks to start banking IC card pilots in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha. Subsequently, it gradually expanded to Tianjin, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Guiyang, Chongqing and other cities. Through the development of e-wallet business to promote the application of bank IC cards, some cities have also tried in the medical, transportation and social security industries, and achieved certain results. However, due to the low degree of generalization of the bank card business at that time, the society did not have enough understanding of micropayments. The overall development level of the public service sector was not strong, and the demand for cross-industry application was not deep. Due to the low rate and high price, although the pilot city has invested a lot of energy, the overall application effect is not satisfactory, and the bank IC card has not been able to achieve large-scale and large-scale application in China.
However, the preliminary practice of financial IC cards in the field of public services has played an important role in inviting financial institutions to understand, understand and learn the technical standards of financial IC card business, and gradually cultivated a group of professional talents to drive domestic card terminal enterprises. The growth. The technical standards, business design and security system of the "China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 1.0)" have played an important role in the development of IC card micropayment applications in other domestic industries.
(II) Successful exploration of financial IC cards in the field of public services
In March 2005, on the basis of preliminary exploration, the People's Bank of China promulgated the "China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 2.0)", which is based on international mainstream standards and is compatible with industry application requirements. In addition, the self-designed e-wallet business based on borrowing and crediting has higher security and business innovation capabilities.
Since the launch of the “City One Card†project in Tianjin, Fuzhou and other cities in 2005, the promotion of financial IC cards integrating government public services and financial services has begun to be carried out throughout the country. In 2008, the People's Bank of China approved Ningbo as the first financial institution in the country. The IC card multi-application pilot city is led by the municipal government to coordinate the competent departments of various industries, and the PBC's civil financial IC card pilot project, which is actively participated by the commercial banks, is the most representative.
The Ningbo Citizen Card Financial IC Card Application Pilot integrates government services such as civil affairs, labor, medical care, provident fund, public security, industry and commerce, taxation, education, and other commercial services such as transportation, utilities, and other micropayments. On an IC card. In addition to the credit card function of a common bank card, it also has a bank e-wallet function and supports contactless use. Among them, for the pure electronic wallet card without the debit and credit function, the non-real name system is adopted. The Ningbo Citizen Card relies on the existing bank card network throughout the country to conduct transaction payment and fund clearing on the basis of corresponding technical improvements. The card account funds are managed by the issuing bank in accordance with relevant regulations. When using the bank e-wallet to pay, the cardholder maintains the property that the equity fund always pays in the personal account. Through the account deposit or cash payment method, a certain amount is pre-stored in the IC card held by the equity holder, and the consumption amount is Limited to the amount of pre-existing. And the anonymous wallet card can also be recycled. In short, this one-card multi-application better reflects the characteristics of “reasonable, standardized, economic, safe and convenientâ€.
The Ningbo Citizen Card Project is the latest exploration of the use of financial IC cards in the public domain, and is also a successful practice of the regional application of China Financial Integrated Circuit (IC) Card Specification (Version 2.0). Its successful experience is "government guidance, market operation, overall planning, and unified standards." To a certain extent, the project has realized the combination of urban informatization and financial informatization, which has significantly improved the efficiency of government public service management, and promoted the improvement of financial service level and the upgrading of related information industries. The pilot results have a positive guiding and reference role in promoting the application of financial IC cards throughout the country.
The Ningbo pilot not only verified the feasibility and safety of the financial IC card standard, but also provided a basis for the PBC to further revise and improve a series of standards related to financial IC cards. Since 2009, the People's Bank of China has successively promulgated the "Bank Card Card Specification", "Bank Card POS Terminal Specification", "Bank Card ATM Terminal Specification" and "Bank Card Network Joint Technical Specification" and other standards, especially in April 2010. The promulgation of China's Financial IC Card Specification marks that China's financial IC card application has entered a new historical development stage.
Under the enlightenment of the above pilot experience, the application of China's financial IC cards in the field of public services has attracted the attention of government departments at all levels. Many cities have organized plans and initiatives to apply financial IC cards to improve municipal services. The implementation of important components of the improvement of people's livelihood projects has been carried out, and the overall development momentum has been shown.
3. The significance of promoting the application of financial IC cards in the field of public services under the new situation
At present, China is about to enter the 12th Five-Year Plan. It is in the period of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and economic restructuring, focusing on improving people's livelihood and promoting social harmony. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to scientific development and emphasize people-oriented construction. In a harmonious society, vigorously developing social public utilities and striving to improve the service level in the public sector have formed a social consensus and national will. Financial payment services will play a more important role in supporting and promoting the infrastructure. The financial IC card has the characteristics of standard, security, convenience, economy, extensiveness and innovation, making it more realistic and far-reaching in the promotion and application of public service.
(1) Standardity
Standards are the lifeline of the industry and the basis for maximizing social benefits. The bank card industry always adheres to unified standards, including unified specifications, unified cards, unified system interfaces, unified terminal requirements, unified use methods, and unified clearing processing. The standard unification not only regulates and promotes the development of bank cards, but more importantly, it facilitates the recognition and use of cardholders. As a replacement product of bank cards, financial IC cards continue to adhere to the principle of unified standards and networking, which will be China. The issuance and use of various types of payment cards provide a unified and standardized financial IC card standard, laying a solid foundation for the long-term and stable development of China's personal payment industry.
(2) Safety
In recent years, various commercial stored value cards in the society have developed rapidly. Some industries and enterprises have also issued various forms of electronic wallets with payment functions, and some of them lack standard management. Lack of payment of funds
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