Abstract : On the basis of summarizing the performance and classification of green packaging materials for mechanical and electrical products, the research and development of several green packaging materials are analyzed, and the recycling and utilization of packaging materials are described.
Keywords: mechanical and electrical products; green design; green manufacturing; packaging; materials
1. Overview of Green Packaging Materials
Packaging materials are constantly evolving and evolving with the development of the packaging industry, advancement of science and technology, and the needs of human social development. The packaging material is the material basis of the product packaging, the carrier of all functions of the product packaging, and the most basic element of the use value of the product packaging. Green packaging materials refer to packaging materials that are harmless to the ecological environment and human health and can be recycled and reused. This is a necessary prerequisite and guarantee for the design and manufacture of green packaging for mechanical and electrical products.
1.1 The performance of green packaging materials
Green packaging materials should have the following properties:
1)Protection: It has good protection to the contents, and it can not only resist moisture, water, corrosion, but also have heat resistance, cold resistance, oil resistance, light resistance, and high barrier property, so as to prevent the contents from damaging the material and have certain mechanical strength. To maintain the shape and function of the contents.
2) Ease of processing: The material is easy to process and adapt to the operation of the packaging machine.
3) Appearance Decorative: Whether the material is easy to be further finished. Such as the printing material adaptability, gloss and transparency, anti-dust collection and so on.
4) Cost-saving: The material's performance-cost ratio is reasonable, and it can save manpower, energy and equipment costs.
5) High quality and light weight: In other words, the materials can perform the functions of protection, transportation, and sales while being lightweight, which saves resources, reduces costs, and reduces the amount of waste.
6) No pollution, easy to recycle: The material waste is easy to recycle, easy to recycle, natural weathering and natural. From raw material preparation, processing, and production to environmental pollution, it is harmless to human health, and there is no potential hazard in the process of packaging, storage, and use, which is conducive to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources.
1.2 Kinds of Green Packaging Materials
The research and development of green packaging materials is the key to the realization of green packaging of products. Mechanical and electrical products green packaging materials are mainly the following:
1) Lightweight, thin, high-performance packaging materials. Develop and deep-process the existing packaging materials, and on the basis of ensuring the basic functions of product packaging, minimize the use of packaging materials and reduce packaging costs. Efforts have been made to develop new lightweight, high-performance packaging materials. Such as the use of new magnesium materials instead of metal packaging materials.
2) Reusable and recycled packaging materials.
3) Degradable packaging materials. The development of biodegradable plastics and the phase-out of non-degradable plastic packaging materials are the development trend of the world packaging industry. In the transport package of mechanical and electrical products, biodegradable plastics can be used in turnover boxes, tool boxes and product outer boxes. The biodegradable plastic packaging material not only has the function of traditional plastics, but also can be separated, degraded and reduced in the natural environment through the action of soil, water and microorganisms, or through the action of ultraviolet rays in the sunlight after the end of its service life to return to nature.
4) Natural biological packaging materials. Natural biological packaging materials such as wood, bamboo materials, sawdust, hemp cotton, wicker, reeds, crop stalks, rice straw, wheat straw, etc. are all easily decomposed in the natural environment, do not pollute the ecological environment, and the resources are renewable and the cost is low.
5) Paper packaging materials. Paper packaging materials are rich in resources, easy to recycle, and easy to degrade. In the proportion of materials used for packaging products in various countries of the world, the use of paper accounted for the first place. Due to the scarcity of forest resources in China, new non-wood pulp resources are explored. Reeds, bamboo, sugar cane, cotton stalks, wheat straw, etc. are used instead of wood to make paper and expand the sources of raw materials.
2. Research and Development of Green Packaging Materials
2.1 Green Buffer Packaging Materials
The green cushion material is made of paper-plastic composite bag and inflated, which has good cushioning performance, low cost, and no environmental pollution. The raw material of the buffer material is a new paper-plastic composite material formed by combining a high-strength kraft paper and an aqueous PVA film.
2.2 Bamboo Packaging Materials
Bamboo packaging materials are natural packaging materials that can reduce (Reduce), such as hollow-shaped bamboo baskets. Reuse and recycle (Reuse), bamboo packaging products can be used twice, waste can be burned and utilized, and compost can be used as fertilizer. Waste can degrade naturally. From cutting bamboo, bamboo processing, manufacturing and use of bamboo packaging materials, the entire process of recycling or degradation of waste will not cause harm to the human body and the environment, and meets the requirements of the 3RID principle of green packaging and the life cycle analysis (LCA) law.
2.3 Bamboo plywood
Bamboo-engraved plywood is an excellent green packaging material because of its high strength, low price, light weight, easy recycling of waste, and no environmental pollution.
Bamboo plywood is based on the vertical structure of bamboo fiber, vertical and horizontal, woven into seats according to warp and weft, dried, glue, group blank, hot pressed together. The manufactured bamboo rubber sheet has good physical properties and chemical properties. The product has a large format, small physical and mechanical properties in the vertical and horizontal directions, high strength, and good moisture resistance.
The use of natural resources and technical conditions in China to develop plywood can better solve the problem of the use of common medium and small electromechanical products in China.
2.4 Light/Biological Degradable Plastics
The photo/biological double degradable plastic is a plastic that has a synergistic degradation effect under both light and biological effects. The material is blended with starch, a biodegradable agent, and a photodegradable photosensitizer that incorporates a photoluminescent chemical reaction.
The experimental data for double degradable plastics are as follows:
Experimental conditions: Shenyang suburbs from June to August, temperature 23.3 ~ 36.7 °C, total sunshine hours 639.5h, total radiation is 1547.52MJ/m2; Appearance changes: 1 month began to fade, pink yellow, green gray, 2 After months, the surface had small moldy spots, accounting for about 30% to 40% of the sample, and the surface began to delaminate, a small crack appeared, 3 months of severe broken delamination, and the touch was broken. (Text / Xue Fulian)
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