Preparation of ordinary manuscripts
Although the use of digital files in the cold-fix printing process has grown rapidly, some common documents such as paper and film are still being used. Here are some guidelines for preparing common materials:
Photo pre-screen reflection original
When preparing pre-screening manuscripts for printers and newspapers (eg, photo-screens, photo papers, and other reflections), follow these guidelines:
It is recommended to use black and white lines for best results, and black on black backgrounds for poor quality.
Lighter originals will not be well-reproduced, such as pencil drawings and charcoal, so the use of such originals is not recommended.
The original document submitted in the final size will get the best reproduction effect, and frequently enlarging or reducing the original will cause loss of detail.
When submitting a pre-screened manuscript, it must meet the final size, because zooming in or out will change the effect of tone copying.
The output resolution should be 1200dpi when outputting typefaces, linework, screened photos, and other hard-copy materials.
Fonts, linework, screen shots, and other hard-copy materials must have a uniform minimum maximum density of Dmax (1.7), and a stable Dmax between 1.7 and 1.9 will help improve the copying effect.
Photocopying or facsimile materials cannot be submitted as copy manuscripts, and a series of subsequent processes will reduce the quality of the prints, resulting in decomposition of lines and text.
The tone of the copy of the target value
Consider Dots Enlargement/TVI. For screen photos and images that will be copied to black and white or monochrome halftoning, use the tone in the table below to copy the target value.
Use the line camera to get the tone reproduction target value
Tuning Area - Line Camera Offset (85-100dpi) Flexo (85lpi) Embossing (72-85lpi)
Polished/No detail 0% 0% 0%
High light 10% 15% 15%
Quarter Tone 20% 20% 20%
Midtones 38% 38% 38%
Shadow 80% 80% 80%
Note: The line camera will increase the contrast of the original. It is common to lose 10% of high-gloss tones when creating line drawings of screen shots, and to increase the dark tone by 10%. The values ​​in the chart are calculated using the formula of Yule-Nielsen (N is assigned 1.7).
The tone reproduction target value obtained using the dot copy scanner
Tuning Area (Scanner) Offset Printing (85-100dpi) Flexo Printing (85lpi) Embossing (72-85lpi)
Polished/No detail 0% 0% 0%
High light 5% 7% 8%
Quarter Tone 22% 18% 18%
Midtones 35% 38% 36%
Shadow 85% 85% 85%
Note: When using a dot-copy scanner, there is usually a 2% to 3% dot loss from the highlight to the quartertone on the tone curve. The values ​​in the chart are calculated using the formula of Yule-Nielsen (N is assigned 1.7)
Prepare the film
In order to obtain the best reproduction effect, ensure that the supplied film satisfies the parameter requirements in the printing process. If you do not meet the requirements of these parameters, you will need to discuss all the factors involved in the process, otherwise it will cause time delays and cost increases.
Here are some reference guides:
The provided film must be clean, free from pinholes, scratches, and good internal and external registration capabilities.
Before the film is released, verify the requirements for the format with the printer or the newspaper. For example, whether the film is a single page or the size of the press.
The supplier should discuss with the printer or the newspaper whether the film needs to be punched. If necessary, printers and newspapers should recommend the shape of film punching.
The supplier should confirm with the printer or newspaper company the correct film image size, including margins and bleeding size.
Suppliers should work with the printer or newspaper to determine the orientation of the film emulsion layer.
Before submitting the film, determine all the uncertainties. Discuss with the printer or newspaper in advance the film that requires special handling.
In order to get the best flexibility and reduce the cost of last minute changes, advertisers may want to put black text on a separate film. In most cases, printers or newspapers always use printing plates that print four-color color plates to print such black text. Therefore, before releasing the fifth film in black, all parties should discuss in advance whether this should be done.
Guidelines on minimum film density Dmin:
☆ Dmin in the table below refers to the film itself. The Dmin for stripping cellulose acetate or other transparent film bases will be higher.
☆ In order to obtain the best plate exposure stability and quality, operators should not mix Dmin film with a large gap.
☆ The Dmin values ​​in the following table belong to a film with a thickness of 0.004 inch. Usually the film with a larger thickness has a higher minimum density.
The following two tables provide the physical requirements for film in the coldset printing process.
General film requirements:
Film Features Offset, Flexo, Emboss
Minimum base thickness/type 0.004 inch polyester base
Polar negative
The maximum density is usually 3.8 or slightly higher, unless otherwise (UV or positive film)
Minimum density 0.10 or slightly lower (UV), 0.05 or lower
The hardest point of the dot hardness edge
Transparency transparency should be minimized and only the substrate of the film is transparent
The screening angle between the cyan, magenta, and black screens differs by 30 degrees, and the difference between the yellow and the three colors is 15 degrees. In any case, the black screen angle must be 90 degrees.
Registration marks Each film must have a center registration mark, 0.25 inches in length, and at least 0.250 inches from the graphic area.
Crop marks Each corner of the film must have a cut mark, at least 0.250 inches from the graphic area, to indicate the final cut and fold size
Identification information Each film must include identification information such as color and version, such as: page number
Exceeding the bleeding area in the graphic area (Note: In offset and embossing, the prints that do not need to be cut on three sides are not required for bleeding, such as: daily newspapers) The pages that need bleeding have at least 0.25 inch of bleeding on each side. The smaller size of bleeding can only be used after consultation with the printer or the newspaper, and the bleeding pattern can only contain less important graphic areas.
Bleeding map area (annotated as above) The graphics section on the bleeding page, including: text, page numbers, important images, cannot exceed the final print size of 0.375 inches in any direction.
Margins/Borders must have a margin of 0.5 inch around the page. Small margins can only be used if negotiated with a printer or newspaper company.
Four- or half-tone film output resolution Four-color, monochrome, and two-color printed film must have a minimum output resolution.
Film output resolution for mechanical or monochromatic lines. Film for mechanical or monochrome lines must have a minimum output resolution.
Special process film requirements:
Film Features Offset Flexo Embossing
Direction (emulsion layer down) Read emulsion layer down (RRED) Misread emulsion layer down (WRED) WRED
Dot Shape Round (Best) Round (Best) Round (Best)
85 lpi to 100 lpi screen number. Consult a printer or newspaper company before using a higher screen number 85 lpi to 100 lpi. Consult a printer or newspaper company before using a higher screen number 72 lpi to 85 lpi. To the printer or newspaper Can use higher screen number after consultation
The overall overprint rate of the image trap image is 0.001 inch The overall overprint rate of the image is 0.015 inch The overall overprint rate of the image is 0.015 inch
Images that require strict registration should be avoided across the set. Strict registering means 0.125 inch or less. Images can cross the set of images that require strict registration should avoid cross-ordering. Strict register is 0.125 inch or less
Although the use of digital files in the cold-fix printing process has grown rapidly, some common documents such as paper and film are still being used. Here are some guidelines for preparing common materials:
Photo pre-screen reflection original
When preparing pre-screening manuscripts for printers and newspapers (eg, photo-screens, photo papers, and other reflections), follow these guidelines:
It is recommended to use black and white lines for best results, and black on black backgrounds for poor quality.
Lighter originals will not be well-reproduced, such as pencil drawings and charcoal, so the use of such originals is not recommended.
The original document submitted in the final size will get the best reproduction effect, and frequently enlarging or reducing the original will cause loss of detail.
When submitting a pre-screened manuscript, it must meet the final size, because zooming in or out will change the effect of tone copying.
The output resolution should be 1200dpi when outputting typefaces, linework, screened photos, and other hard-copy materials.
Fonts, linework, screen shots, and other hard-copy materials must have a uniform minimum maximum density of Dmax (1.7), and a stable Dmax between 1.7 and 1.9 will help improve the copying effect.
Photocopying or facsimile materials cannot be submitted as copy manuscripts, and a series of subsequent processes will reduce the quality of the prints, resulting in decomposition of lines and text.
The tone of the copy of the target value
Consider Dots Enlargement/TVI. For screen photos and images that will be copied to black and white or monochrome halftoning, use the tone in the table below to copy the target value.
Use the line camera to get the tone reproduction target value
Tuning Area - Line Camera Offset (85-100dpi) Flexo (85lpi) Embossing (72-85lpi)
Polished/No detail 0% 0% 0%
High light 10% 15% 15%
Quarter Tone 20% 20% 20%
Midtones 38% 38% 38%
Shadow 80% 80% 80%
Note: The line camera will increase the contrast of the original. It is common to lose 10% of high-gloss tones when creating line drawings of screen shots, and to increase the dark tone by 10%. The values ​​in the chart are calculated using the formula of Yule-Nielsen (N is assigned 1.7).
The tone reproduction target value obtained using the dot copy scanner
Tuning Area (Scanner) Offset Printing (85-100dpi) Flexo Printing (85lpi) Embossing (72-85lpi)
Polished/No detail 0% 0% 0%
High light 5% 7% 8%
Quarter Tone 22% 18% 18%
Midtones 35% 38% 36%
Shadow 85% 85% 85%
Note: When using a dot-copy scanner, there is usually a 2% to 3% dot loss from the highlight to the quartertone on the tone curve. The values ​​in the chart are calculated using the formula of Yule-Nielsen (N is assigned 1.7)
Prepare the film
In order to obtain the best reproduction effect, ensure that the supplied film satisfies the parameter requirements in the printing process. If you do not meet the requirements of these parameters, you will need to discuss all the factors involved in the process, otherwise it will cause time delays and cost increases.
Here are some reference guides:
The provided film must be clean, free from pinholes, scratches, and good internal and external registration capabilities.
Before the film is released, verify the requirements for the format with the printer or the newspaper. For example, whether the film is a single page or the size of the press.
The supplier should discuss with the printer or the newspaper whether the film needs to be punched. If necessary, printers and newspapers should recommend the shape of film punching.
The supplier should confirm with the printer or newspaper company the correct film image size, including margins and bleeding size.
Suppliers should work with the printer or newspaper to determine the orientation of the film emulsion layer.
Before submitting the film, determine all the uncertainties. Discuss with the printer or newspaper in advance the film that requires special handling.
In order to get the best flexibility and reduce the cost of last minute changes, advertisers may want to put black text on a separate film. In most cases, printers or newspapers always use printing plates that print four-color color plates to print such black text. Therefore, before releasing the fifth film in black, all parties should discuss in advance whether this should be done.
Guidelines on minimum film density Dmin:
☆ Dmin in the table below refers to the film itself. The Dmin for stripping cellulose acetate or other transparent film bases will be higher.
☆ In order to obtain the best plate exposure stability and quality, operators should not mix Dmin film with a large gap.
☆ The Dmin values ​​in the following table belong to a film with a thickness of 0.004 inch. Usually the film with a larger thickness has a higher minimum density.
The following two tables provide the physical requirements for film in the coldset printing process.
General film requirements:
Film Features Offset, Flexo, Emboss
Minimum base thickness/type 0.004 inch polyester base
Polar negative
The maximum density is usually 3.8 or slightly higher, unless otherwise (UV or positive film)
Minimum density 0.10 or slightly lower (UV), 0.05 or lower
The hardest point of the dot hardness edge
Transparency transparency should be minimized and only the substrate of the film is transparent
The screening angle between the cyan, magenta, and black screens differs by 30 degrees, and the difference between the yellow and the three colors is 15 degrees. In any case, the black screen angle must be 90 degrees.
Registration marks Each film must have a center registration mark, 0.25 inches in length, and at least 0.250 inches from the graphic area.
Crop marks Each corner of the film must have a cut mark, at least 0.250 inches from the graphic area, to indicate the final cut and fold size
Identification information Each film must include identification information such as color and version, such as: page number
Exceeding the bleeding area in the graphic area (Note: In offset and embossing, the prints that do not need to be cut on three sides are not required for bleeding, such as: daily newspapers) The pages that need bleeding have at least 0.25 inch of bleeding on each side. The smaller size of bleeding can only be used after consultation with the printer or the newspaper, and the bleeding pattern can only contain less important graphic areas.
Bleeding map area (annotated as above) The graphics section on the bleeding page, including: text, page numbers, important images, cannot exceed the final print size of 0.375 inches in any direction.
Margins/Borders must have a margin of 0.5 inch around the page. Small margins can only be used if negotiated with a printer or newspaper company.
Four- or half-tone film output resolution Four-color, monochrome, and two-color printed film must have a minimum output resolution.
Film output resolution for mechanical or monochromatic lines. Film for mechanical or monochrome lines must have a minimum output resolution.
Special process film requirements:
Film Features Offset Flexo Embossing
Direction (emulsion layer down) Read emulsion layer down (RRED) Misread emulsion layer down (WRED) WRED
Dot Shape Round (Best) Round (Best) Round (Best)
85 lpi to 100 lpi screen number. Consult a printer or newspaper company before using a higher screen number 85 lpi to 100 lpi. Consult a printer or newspaper company before using a higher screen number 72 lpi to 85 lpi. To the printer or newspaper Can use higher screen number after consultation
The overall overprint rate of the image trap image is 0.001 inch The overall overprint rate of the image is 0.015 inch The overall overprint rate of the image is 0.015 inch
Images that require strict registration should be avoided across the set. Strict registering means 0.125 inch or less. Images can cross the set of images that require strict registration should avoid cross-ordering. Strict register is 0.125 inch or less
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