Solvent oil is one of the five major categories of petroleum products. Solvent oils are used in a wide range of applications. The largest amount of the most important paint solvent oil (commonly known as paint solvent oil), followed by edible oil, printing inks, leather, pesticides, pesticides, rubber, cosmetics, spices, pharmaceuticals, electronic components and other solvent oils. At present, there are about 400-500 kinds of solvents sold in the market, of which solvent oil (hydrocarbon solvents, benzene compounds) accounted for about half.
According to boiling range, solvent oil can be divided into three categories: low-boiling solvent oil, such as 6# extraction solvent oil, boiling range is 60-90°C; middle boiling solvent oil, such as rubber solvent oil, boiling range is 80-120 °C; High-boiling solvent oil, such as paint solvent oil, boiling range 140-200 °C, widely used ink solvent oil in recent years, the dry point up to 300 °C.
According to the chemical structure, solvent oil can be divided into three types: paraffin, cycloalkane and aromatic hydrocarbon. In fact, except for a few pure hydrocarbon compound solvent oils such as ethane, toluene and xylene, solvent oils are mixtures of various structural hydrocarbons.
According to the application, according to the national standard GB1922-88, that is according to its 98% distillation temperature or dry point divided solvent oil, common brands are: 70 # fragrant flower oil, 90 # petroleum ether, 120 # rubber solvent oil, 190 # Detergent oil, 200# paint solvent oil, 260# special kerosene type solvent. In addition there are 6 # extraction solvent oil, aviation washing gasoline, 310 # color ink solvent oil. Agricultural pesticide solvent oil. In fact, the market sells far more than these, the manufacturer can produce various specifications of solvent oil according to the needs of users.
The nature of solvent oils varies depending on their use. The choice of solvent oils should mainly consider its solubility, volatility, and safety. Of course, depending on its use, other properties cannot be ignored, and sometimes even more important.
Solvent oil consists of two processes: cut distillate and refining. The process of cutting the distillate usually has the following three ways: cut directly from the atmospheric tower; cut the corresponding light straight fraction into appropriate narrow fractions; and fractionally distill the catalytically reformed raffinate. Various solvent oil fractions generally need to be refined. To improve the color, improve stability, remove corrosive substances and reduce toxicity. The commonly used refining methods include caustic washing, clay refining and hydrorefining.
Solvent oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that can easily burn and explode. Therefore, strict attention must be paid to preventing the occurrence of fire from production, storage and transportation to use.
Solvent oil toxicity can be roughly expressed in three ways:
Lethal dose (LD): A measure used to indicate the intensity of a physiological effect of a highly toxic substance on an animal.
Lethal concentration (LC): A measure of acute poisoning by concentration.
Maximum allowable concentration (MAC): The maximum allowable concentration is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm or 10-6) of the vapor capacity in the air. This is a rough estimate of solvent toxicity, which varies from person to person and is not an absolute limit.
Source: 21st Century Fine Chemicals Network
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