Bamboo is the second largest forest resource in the world. There are more than 70 species of bamboo in the world, more than 1,200 species, and the bamboo forest area is about 20 million hectares. It is widely distributed, from tropical to temperate and even cold, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia.
The geographical distribution of bamboo in the world can be divided into three major bamboo areas, namely the Asia-Pacific Bamboo Area, the American Bamboo Area and the African Bamboo Area.
I. Asia Pacific Bamboo District This is the largest bamboo area in the world. Because most bamboos prefer a warm and humid climate, they are mainly distributed in the plain hills between the north and south tropic lines where there is abundant rain and abundant sunshine. It is 42o from south to south latitude, central to Sakhalin, 51o north to north latitude, east to the Pacific islands, and west to southwestern India. The bamboo has 50 genera and more than 900 kinds of bamboo, covering an area of ​​14 million hectares. About 70% of the total bamboo forest area in the world. Among them, the most common bamboos are about 3/5, and the scattered bamboos are second, accounting for about 2/5. About 100 kinds of rods are large, good in material quality and economical.
China is located in the center of bamboo distribution in the world. Bamboo resources are abundant. The total category, area, volume and harvest of bamboo are the highest in the Asia-Pacific region, and they are also among the best in the world. China's main bamboos have 40 genera and more than 400 species. The bamboo forest area is 8 million hectares, accounting for 40% of the world's bamboo forest area and 57% of the bamboo forest area in the Asia-Pacific region. The main bamboo species are loose bamboo, clumped bamboo and mixed bamboo. There are more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China with bamboo forest area distribution. The area with the largest bamboo forest and the most abundant bamboo resources is the Yangtze River-Nanling Bamboo Area, including Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, In 8 provinces and autonomous regions such as Anhui, the area of ​​bamboo forest accounts for 88% of the total area of ​​the country. Among them, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, and the three provinces account for more than 60% of the total area of ​​bamboo forests. The bamboo in Taiwan Province is very impressive, with more than 60 genera and more than 1 million hectares.
Bamboo is the most important bamboo in China. According to its use, it belongs to economical bamboo, and 75% of the timber is more than 6 million hectares. The annual bamboo harvest in the country is currently 400 million plants, 12 million tons, with an annual output value of 17 billion yuan (including bamboo products processing value of 6.3 billion yuan.) Because China's agricultural population accounts for about 80% of the total population, their production equipment and daily necessities Many of them are made of bamboo, especially in the southern countryside. The clothes, food, shelter, and travel of the peasants are closely related to bamboo. Therefore, about 70-80% of the bamboo produced annually in the country is consumed in rural areas and in agricultural production. In recent years, with the acceleration of the pace of construction of China's four modernizations, the lack of wood, bamboo plants due to rapid growth, high yield, short cutting period, easy management, wide use, more and more people's attention, so as a branch of bamboo The processing industry is in the ascendant momentum and has entered a new stage. Dozens of paper mills made of bamboo in the country, by the end of the 20th century. With an annual output of more than one million tons of bamboo paper, the bamboo pulp production capacity reaches 4 million tons. At the same time, the processing of bamboo enamel is also receiving more and more attention. For example, the new bamboo wood-based panels with various wood-making effects that are currently produced by them have reached the practical level and mass production scale, especially for the research and production of bamboo products. The wood-based panel industry is already in the forefront of the world in terms of variety and scale, and the quality and process flow, mechanized production level is also constantly improving.
India's bamboo species and bamboo forest area is second only to China, with 136 species (also known as 600 species) of 19 genera, totaling more than 4 million hectares. Indians call bamboo "the wood of the poor", and bamboo can be used in a similar way to wood, and the consumption is also large. In addition to being widely used in construction, it is mainly used for paper making. At present, India is the country that uses the most bamboo paper in the world. More than half of the nearly 100 paper mills in the country use bamboo as raw materials. It is estimated that the proportion of bamboo in papermaking materials is 45-60%. In the mid-1980s, it produced 3.1 million tons of bamboo paper and produced 4 million tons of bamboo paper at the end of the 20th century. Paper made from bamboo in India is made of kraft paper, wrapping paper and newsprint. It is also made into high-grade paper such as veneer paper, bond paper and stationery paper.
Although Myanmar has a land area of ​​only 600,000 square kilometers, it has 90 kinds of bamboos and a bamboo forest area of ​​2.17 million hectares. In the early 1990s, there were two factories that made bamboo and paper. In order to make full use of the abundant bamboo resources in the country, several bamboo paper mills have been built in recent years. If the bamboo consumption is calculated by population, Myanmar is the country with the largest bamboo consumption.
There are more than 50 species of bamboo in Thailand, and the bamboo forest area is over 1 million mu. The lives of Thai people are closely related to bamboo, and bamboos are widely used by rural residents and daily necessities. Many of the handicrafts sold on the market are bamboo products. The most popular bamboo craft in Chiang Mai in Thailand is the bamboo umbrella. The Thai government also attaches great importance to bamboo production. Within the Royal Forest Service, there is a small product section that specializes in the production and research of bamboo and rattan. It collects 300g of bamboo seeds each year for sexual reproduction of bamboo. Under the strong cooperation of the government, some bamboo pulp and paper mills have been put into production one after another, and some have already reached a considerable scale.
There are more than 500,000 mu of bamboo forests in Bangladesh and more than 30 kinds of bamboo. As early as the 1970s, two paper mills with a daily output of 100 tons of bamboo were built. Among them, the Kanafu Paper Factory has a rayon workshop with a daily output of 250,000 tons to produce rayon cellophane, which is sold to Middle Eastern countries. In recent years, due to the unreasonable management of bamboo forests, bamboo raw materials have gradually depleted.
There are 12 genera and 55 species of bamboo in the Philippines. In the 1980s, the bamboo forest area was over 10,000 mu. In recent years, resources have been emphasized, which is estimated to be about 20,000 mu. The bamboo furniture in the Philippines is similar to that in China, ranging from ordinary bamboo chairs, tables and beds to higher-grade bamboo sofas and Simmons. Particularly striking is the bamboo sofa. Its style is exquisite, the craftsmanship is meticulous, and the structure is firm. It is impossible for China to compare with this. This kind of sofa is not only for domestic sales, but also exported to foreign countries. The Philippines is located in the tropics, the houses are considered to be ventilated, and the furniture is considered cool, so a large number of bamboos are used to build cheap houses and different grades of furniture. To reduce timber imports, the government also encourages the construction of cheap farmhouses with bamboo.
There are more than 230 kinds of bamboos in Japan, and the bamboo forest area is 125,000 hectares, with an annual output of 200,000-300,000 tons of bamboo. Japanese bamboo processing and utilization, most of the production of handicrafts, daily necessities, hangers, decorations and fences. There are 100,000 bamboo workers in the country. Bamboo processing plants, mostly small factories or family workshops. In recent years, Japan has also begun to consider the construction of bamboo pulp and paper mills.
Other Asian countries also have bamboo distribution, but the area is not large. Cambodia has 287,000 hectares, Vietnam has 130,000 hectares, Indonesia has 60,000 hectares, Malaysia has 20,000 hectares, South Korea has 0.8 million hectares, and Sri Lanka has 0.2 hectares.
Second, the area of ​​the bamboo area in the Americas is second only to the Asia-Pacific bamboo area, which spans the North and South America, south to the south of Argentina, 47o south latitude. The eastern United States is 40o north to north latitude. There are a total of 270 species of 18 genera, with an estimated area of ​​1.6 million mu, of which the green stalk bamboo is scattered, and the remaining 17 genus are clustered. There are only a few large bamboo species in the bamboo area, and most of the small low-lying bamboo species have low economic value. Latin America's north-south tropics such as Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil's Amazon basin are the centers of bamboo distribution, with many bamboo species and large areas. Brazil has a small bamboo pulp paper mill. In addition to being used for papermaking, the main use of bamboo in the area is for gardening and indoor and outdoor decoration.
Third, the distribution of bamboo in the African bamboo area is relatively small, from the south to the south of Mozambique 22o south latitude, and north to the eastern part of Sudan 16o north latitude. Within this range, from the southern part of Senegal on the west coast of Africa to the island of Madagascar on the east coast, an slanting zone spanning the tropical rainforests of Africa and the evergreen deciduous forests from northwest to southeast is formed. This is the center of African bamboo distribution. There are 50 species, with an estimated area of ​​about 1.5 million hectares. In northern Africa, there are patches of forest distribution in the upper reaches of the Nile River in the Sudan and in the temperate mountain forests of Ethiopia. However, the bamboo fauna of the African continent is very poor, and there are only a handful of bamboo species in the country. On the contrary, in the island of Madras in East Africa, there are 11 genera and 40 species of bamboo, which is much richer than the bamboo species of Africa. The “Tropical Forestry Technology Center†has studied the fiber and papermaking properties of the leading bamboo and sharp bamboo produced by Cameroon, Congo, Xiangma Coast, Gabon, Madagascar and Senegal. The quality of bamboo pulp is equivalent to or even high quality. In coniferous wood pulp. But the use of bamboo in Africa is not the main one, far less than the Asian countries.
There are only one species and three species of bamboo in Australia, and the estimated bamboo area is 2 million hectares. There are no native species in Europe. The bamboo species cultivated in various countries are now from Asia, Africa and Latin America. They are mainly made of gardens and interiors, and a few are used for handicrafts.
According to the incomplete statistics of the world's major bamboo producing countries, the annual production of bamboo in the world is more than 18 million tons, about 30-40% for construction, 15% for bamboo products, 20-25% for papermaking, and other aspects. 15-30%.
The geographical distribution of bamboo in the world can be divided into three major bamboo areas, namely the Asia-Pacific Bamboo Area, the American Bamboo Area and the African Bamboo Area.
I. Asia Pacific Bamboo District This is the largest bamboo area in the world. Because most bamboos prefer a warm and humid climate, they are mainly distributed in the plain hills between the north and south tropic lines where there is abundant rain and abundant sunshine. It is 42o from south to south latitude, central to Sakhalin, 51o north to north latitude, east to the Pacific islands, and west to southwestern India. The bamboo has 50 genera and more than 900 kinds of bamboo, covering an area of ​​14 million hectares. About 70% of the total bamboo forest area in the world. Among them, the most common bamboos are about 3/5, and the scattered bamboos are second, accounting for about 2/5. About 100 kinds of rods are large, good in material quality and economical.
China is located in the center of bamboo distribution in the world. Bamboo resources are abundant. The total category, area, volume and harvest of bamboo are the highest in the Asia-Pacific region, and they are also among the best in the world. China's main bamboos have 40 genera and more than 400 species. The bamboo forest area is 8 million hectares, accounting for 40% of the world's bamboo forest area and 57% of the bamboo forest area in the Asia-Pacific region. The main bamboo species are loose bamboo, clumped bamboo and mixed bamboo. There are more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China with bamboo forest area distribution. The area with the largest bamboo forest and the most abundant bamboo resources is the Yangtze River-Nanling Bamboo Area, including Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, In 8 provinces and autonomous regions such as Anhui, the area of ​​bamboo forest accounts for 88% of the total area of ​​the country. Among them, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, and the three provinces account for more than 60% of the total area of ​​bamboo forests. The bamboo in Taiwan Province is very impressive, with more than 60 genera and more than 1 million hectares.
Bamboo is the most important bamboo in China. According to its use, it belongs to economical bamboo, and 75% of the timber is more than 6 million hectares. The annual bamboo harvest in the country is currently 400 million plants, 12 million tons, with an annual output value of 17 billion yuan (including bamboo products processing value of 6.3 billion yuan.) Because China's agricultural population accounts for about 80% of the total population, their production equipment and daily necessities Many of them are made of bamboo, especially in the southern countryside. The clothes, food, shelter, and travel of the peasants are closely related to bamboo. Therefore, about 70-80% of the bamboo produced annually in the country is consumed in rural areas and in agricultural production. In recent years, with the acceleration of the pace of construction of China's four modernizations, the lack of wood, bamboo plants due to rapid growth, high yield, short cutting period, easy management, wide use, more and more people's attention, so as a branch of bamboo The processing industry is in the ascendant momentum and has entered a new stage. Dozens of paper mills made of bamboo in the country, by the end of the 20th century. With an annual output of more than one million tons of bamboo paper, the bamboo pulp production capacity reaches 4 million tons. At the same time, the processing of bamboo enamel is also receiving more and more attention. For example, the new bamboo wood-based panels with various wood-making effects that are currently produced by them have reached the practical level and mass production scale, especially for the research and production of bamboo products. The wood-based panel industry is already in the forefront of the world in terms of variety and scale, and the quality and process flow, mechanized production level is also constantly improving.
India's bamboo species and bamboo forest area is second only to China, with 136 species (also known as 600 species) of 19 genera, totaling more than 4 million hectares. Indians call bamboo "the wood of the poor", and bamboo can be used in a similar way to wood, and the consumption is also large. In addition to being widely used in construction, it is mainly used for paper making. At present, India is the country that uses the most bamboo paper in the world. More than half of the nearly 100 paper mills in the country use bamboo as raw materials. It is estimated that the proportion of bamboo in papermaking materials is 45-60%. In the mid-1980s, it produced 3.1 million tons of bamboo paper and produced 4 million tons of bamboo paper at the end of the 20th century. Paper made from bamboo in India is made of kraft paper, wrapping paper and newsprint. It is also made into high-grade paper such as veneer paper, bond paper and stationery paper.
Although Myanmar has a land area of ​​only 600,000 square kilometers, it has 90 kinds of bamboos and a bamboo forest area of ​​2.17 million hectares. In the early 1990s, there were two factories that made bamboo and paper. In order to make full use of the abundant bamboo resources in the country, several bamboo paper mills have been built in recent years. If the bamboo consumption is calculated by population, Myanmar is the country with the largest bamboo consumption.
There are more than 50 species of bamboo in Thailand, and the bamboo forest area is over 1 million mu. The lives of Thai people are closely related to bamboo, and bamboos are widely used by rural residents and daily necessities. Many of the handicrafts sold on the market are bamboo products. The most popular bamboo craft in Chiang Mai in Thailand is the bamboo umbrella. The Thai government also attaches great importance to bamboo production. Within the Royal Forest Service, there is a small product section that specializes in the production and research of bamboo and rattan. It collects 300g of bamboo seeds each year for sexual reproduction of bamboo. Under the strong cooperation of the government, some bamboo pulp and paper mills have been put into production one after another, and some have already reached a considerable scale.
There are more than 500,000 mu of bamboo forests in Bangladesh and more than 30 kinds of bamboo. As early as the 1970s, two paper mills with a daily output of 100 tons of bamboo were built. Among them, the Kanafu Paper Factory has a rayon workshop with a daily output of 250,000 tons to produce rayon cellophane, which is sold to Middle Eastern countries. In recent years, due to the unreasonable management of bamboo forests, bamboo raw materials have gradually depleted.
There are 12 genera and 55 species of bamboo in the Philippines. In the 1980s, the bamboo forest area was over 10,000 mu. In recent years, resources have been emphasized, which is estimated to be about 20,000 mu. The bamboo furniture in the Philippines is similar to that in China, ranging from ordinary bamboo chairs, tables and beds to higher-grade bamboo sofas and Simmons. Particularly striking is the bamboo sofa. Its style is exquisite, the craftsmanship is meticulous, and the structure is firm. It is impossible for China to compare with this. This kind of sofa is not only for domestic sales, but also exported to foreign countries. The Philippines is located in the tropics, the houses are considered to be ventilated, and the furniture is considered cool, so a large number of bamboos are used to build cheap houses and different grades of furniture. To reduce timber imports, the government also encourages the construction of cheap farmhouses with bamboo.
There are more than 230 kinds of bamboos in Japan, and the bamboo forest area is 125,000 hectares, with an annual output of 200,000-300,000 tons of bamboo. Japanese bamboo processing and utilization, most of the production of handicrafts, daily necessities, hangers, decorations and fences. There are 100,000 bamboo workers in the country. Bamboo processing plants, mostly small factories or family workshops. In recent years, Japan has also begun to consider the construction of bamboo pulp and paper mills.
Other Asian countries also have bamboo distribution, but the area is not large. Cambodia has 287,000 hectares, Vietnam has 130,000 hectares, Indonesia has 60,000 hectares, Malaysia has 20,000 hectares, South Korea has 0.8 million hectares, and Sri Lanka has 0.2 hectares.
Second, the area of ​​the bamboo area in the Americas is second only to the Asia-Pacific bamboo area, which spans the North and South America, south to the south of Argentina, 47o south latitude. The eastern United States is 40o north to north latitude. There are a total of 270 species of 18 genera, with an estimated area of ​​1.6 million mu, of which the green stalk bamboo is scattered, and the remaining 17 genus are clustered. There are only a few large bamboo species in the bamboo area, and most of the small low-lying bamboo species have low economic value. Latin America's north-south tropics such as Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil's Amazon basin are the centers of bamboo distribution, with many bamboo species and large areas. Brazil has a small bamboo pulp paper mill. In addition to being used for papermaking, the main use of bamboo in the area is for gardening and indoor and outdoor decoration.
Third, the distribution of bamboo in the African bamboo area is relatively small, from the south to the south of Mozambique 22o south latitude, and north to the eastern part of Sudan 16o north latitude. Within this range, from the southern part of Senegal on the west coast of Africa to the island of Madagascar on the east coast, an slanting zone spanning the tropical rainforests of Africa and the evergreen deciduous forests from northwest to southeast is formed. This is the center of African bamboo distribution. There are 50 species, with an estimated area of ​​about 1.5 million hectares. In northern Africa, there are patches of forest distribution in the upper reaches of the Nile River in the Sudan and in the temperate mountain forests of Ethiopia. However, the bamboo fauna of the African continent is very poor, and there are only a handful of bamboo species in the country. On the contrary, in the island of Madras in East Africa, there are 11 genera and 40 species of bamboo, which is much richer than the bamboo species of Africa. The “Tropical Forestry Technology Center†has studied the fiber and papermaking properties of the leading bamboo and sharp bamboo produced by Cameroon, Congo, Xiangma Coast, Gabon, Madagascar and Senegal. The quality of bamboo pulp is equivalent to or even high quality. In coniferous wood pulp. But the use of bamboo in Africa is not the main one, far less than the Asian countries.
There are only one species and three species of bamboo in Australia, and the estimated bamboo area is 2 million hectares. There are no native species in Europe. The bamboo species cultivated in various countries are now from Asia, Africa and Latin America. They are mainly made of gardens and interiors, and a few are used for handicrafts.
According to the incomplete statistics of the world's major bamboo producing countries, the annual production of bamboo in the world is more than 18 million tons, about 30-40% for construction, 15% for bamboo products, 20-25% for papermaking, and other aspects. 15-30%.
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