1. Management is the core of China's water supply and water safety
Faced with many challenges, the most fundamental and core route for Chinese water supply companies to achieve stable and up-to-standard water quality safety goals is to establish and improve a water quality management system that takes water quality as the core goal and achieves full coverage from source to faucet.
Quality goal management is a modern management method that aims at being goal-oriented, people-centered, and results-based, so that organizations and individuals can achieve the best performance. It refers to a management method that determines the work goals from top to bottom with the active participation of individual employees of the enterprise, and implements "self-control" in the work to ensure the realization of the goals from bottom to top.
According to enterprise management theory, for Chinese water supply enterprises, the construction of water quality target management system should follow the principles of attaching importance to human factors, establishing target chains and target systems, and attaching importance to results, and established according to the following procedures:
1. Goal Setting
The goal setting includes the following contents: taking water quality safety as the overall core quality goal, and taking "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water GB5749-2006" as the overall measurement target for water quality management; decomposing the overall water quality goal and determining each process link according to the characteristics of the water production process Internal control goals, and use this to establish goals for various departments and individuals; determine the resources, assessment, reward and punishment mechanisms required to complete the goals;
2. Establish production process management to achieve the overall goal:
Establish and implement regulations and action plans for various water-making processes to achieve the internal control objectives of water quality enterprises.
3. Assessment and evaluation:
Regularly evaluate and evaluate the internal water quality control goals and action plans of each water-making process, and honor the reward and punishment system.
4. Improvement plan:
According to the assessment and evaluation results, the process and personnel deviations are analyzed and improved.
From a global perspective, the management development of water supply enterprises generally has experienced different development stages from single result management, to full process management, from extensive management to refined management, from normal management to emergency management, as follows:
Whether the management is perfect is a process of continuous accumulation and improvement, but it is also necessary for enterprise quality management.
Second, the whole process of water quality analysis and monitoring capacity building
The necessity and significance of water quality monitoring in the whole process of drinking water
The construction of water quality monitoring capacity in the whole process includes the construction of water quality monitoring facilities and the construction of technical standards for water quality monitoring personnel. Both of these aspects undoubtedly require a certain amount of human and economic costs for the water supply enterprise. So, what is the significance and purpose of its construction?
First, companies need to monitor whether the water quality meets the standard, including: whether the drinking water source meets the standard, whether the factory water and the water at the end of the pipe network meet the standard. The purpose is to monitor whether the "raw materials" and "products" produced by tap water are qualified.
The second purpose of establishing the whole process water quality monitoring capability, or more important purpose, is that the water supply enterprise carries out in-process fine operation management of the water plant water making process through the data measured by the water quality monitoring during the water making process , Is the core means to achieve full compliance and safe water supply.
The ability to analyze and monitor water quality throughout the process is the basic technical premise for a water supply enterprise to establish and implement a quality target management system, and it is the basic technical support for achieving water supply safety.
The overall process water quality analysis and monitoring capabilities are divided into three aspects: full process water quality analysis and monitoring, full type water quality analysis and monitoring, and full level water quality analysis and monitoring according to the water production process, water quality analysis type, and monitoring level.
First of all, from the perspective of the water production process, water quality monitoring includes water source monitoring, water purification plant process operation monitoring, and water delivery and distribution system monitoring. This series of monitoring processes can be called a full-process water quality monitoring system.
From the perspective of monitoring type, it can be divided into online monitoring and laboratory analysis and detection, as well as portable monitoring and emergency mobile monitoring.
In terms of monitoring level and application departments, it can be divided into internal monitoring of water plants, monitoring of the central laboratory of the Water Division, and administrative supervisory monitoring of various administrative competent departments.
The above parts have jointly constructed the overall concept of water quality monitoring capacity building in the whole process.
In order to better understand the capabilities required for the whole process of drinking water quality monitoring, and in order to achieve the whole process quality management with water quality as the core, HACH will provide decades of experience in the service of global water and water supply enterprises, and today's Chinese government regulations and standards Combined, the water quality analysis and monitoring capabilities of the water supply enterprise are divided into 8 categories and 20 sub-items, as follows:
Figure 2-1 Composition of water quality monitoring capability in the whole process
The above picture basically covers all the full-process water quality analysis and monitoring capabilities that today's global water supply and water supply companies should have, which can meet the requirements of enterprises to build water quality management systems with water quality safety as the core.
However, due to the obvious differentiation of China ’s water supply enterprises from capital to talent reserve, it is not easy to achieve the entire process of water quality analysis and monitoring capabilities. It is necessary to face the key challenges, national relevant policies, the stage of perfect management of the enterprise, and funds. The situation, the overall plan, implemented step by step.
Recalling the global advanced water supply and water supply enterprises, in order to meet the development and development process of their own water quality management system, based on the challenges faced by China's water supply safety today, and the investment required for capacity building, HACH will analyze the above-mentioned subdivided water quality analysis and monitoring capabilities according With the single-result management, extensive process management, refined management, and emergency management development stages of water supply enterprise development, a roadmap for the construction of water quality analysis and monitoring capacity of Chinese water supply enterprises was designed:
Technical roadmap for the whole process of water quality monitoring capacity building of water supply enterprises
1. Build the company's own basic water quality judgment and assessment capabilities
This stage corresponds to the single result management stage of enterprise management. To establish an enterprise water quality management system, we must first have the ability to judge whether the water quality meets the standard, that is, to check the raw material quality-whether the source water quality meets the standard; and product quality-whether the end water quality meets the standard.
This stage mainly includes the routine capacity building of the water supply enterprise central laboratory and the basic mobile emergency monitoring capacity building.
Conventional capacity building According to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, each province has at least two companies with 106 full-analysis capabilities. The prefecture-level city has a target of 42 routines and the county-level capacity is 10 items per day.
In response to the current situation of frequent water quality emergencies, water supply enterprises can be equipped with some basic portable emergency monitoring equipment to enhance conventional emergency monitoring capabilities.
2. Establish basic management and monitoring capabilities of water production process.
This stage corresponds to the extensive process management stage of enterprise management. The capacity at this stage should mainly include: water plant laboratory monitoring, on-line monitoring of factory water, and on-line monitoring of conventional basic parameters of source water. The construction of monitoring capacity at this stage is mainly to enable enterprises to achieve initial real-time control of the water quality of incoming and outgoing water, and to initially achieve process management of key quality control points of the enterprise.
3. Establish fine management and monitoring capabilities for water production process operation
This stage corresponds to the refined process management stage of enterprise management.
The capacity at this stage should mainly include: the construction of the monitoring capacity of the operation team of the water plant, the construction of the online monitoring capacity of the key parameters of the key process of water production, the online monitoring of the pipeline network and the construction of the online monitoring of the key characteristic pollutants of the source water.
According to the water production process, it is divided into: pretreatment, coagulation and sedimentation, filter, advanced treatment, and disinfection online monitoring, and according to the online monitoring data, the production operation of each process section is finely managed.
In addition, water supply enterprises can set up key characteristic pollutants for online monitoring based on their own source water characteristics and implement focused water quality prevention monitoring, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of major pollution accidents. The pipeline network detection can cover the tentacles of water quality monitoring to the end user, so as to achieve the purpose of water quality monitoring in the whole process.
4. The fourth stage of water supply enterprise monitoring capacity building is to establish a rapid water quality emergency monitoring and early warning capability.
After the water supply enterprises have reached the above three stages, it can be said that the monitoring capacity building under the normal background has been basically completed. However, in order to occur due to some emergencies and unpredictable events, water supply enterprises also need to establish rapid water quality emergency monitoring and early warning capabilities.
In the past few years in our country, there have also been some water pollution incidents with negative impacts. Due to the unpredictability and complexity of emergencies, it is extremely important to be able to detect problems in a timely manner and take emergency plans to control them. Therefore, the ability of early warning and detection of water quality has been paid more and more attention and application by water supply enterprises.
With the help of an early warning monitoring system, companies can provide comprehensive early warning of sudden pollution of water sources (safety accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks) —providing time guarantee for starting emergency response plans.
3. Summary:
The core and fundamental guarantee for achieving the goal of comprehensive drinking water standards and safe water supply is that the water supply enterprise establishes a comprehensive and comprehensive quality management system and process centered on water quality. According to the existing situation, water supply enterprises gradually improve the quality management system with water quality as the core, and gradually and gradually improve the water quality monitoring capabilities according to the requirements of quality management, so as to finally achieve the whole process of water quality monitoring capabilities. As the basic support of total quality management, it is an urgent task to establish the whole process water quality monitoring capability.
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